Science and Technology — UPSC Civil Services Prelims Previous Year Questions

Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct?

1. It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits.
2. Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.

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Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India ?

1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
2. T-90 MK-III Tanks
3. Akula Class Submarine

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Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct ?

1. Modern technological innovations including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
2. China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
3. The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
4. Rare Earth Elements are a set of 13 metallic elements.

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Which of the following statements with regard to Large Language Models (LLMs) used in machine learning is/are correct ?

1. LLMs assign probabilities to the next possible words and then pick the one with the highest probability.
2. LLMs process data through mathematical optimization to minimise prediction errors.
3. LLMs produce unbiased outputs.

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Which of the following statements with regard to India's indigenous new high resolution weather model, the 'Bharat Forecast System,' is/are correct?

1. Its objective is to generate forecasts at the Panchayats cluster level.
2. It was developed by IIT Delhi.

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Which of the following statements with regard to stealth technology is/are correct ?

1. Stealth objects have a very small radar cross-section and are coated with Radar Absorbing Material.
2. Stealth objects can be detected using specific frequencies.
3. Stealth objects are coated with metamaterials to increase the scattering of electromagnetic radiation.

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Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct ?

1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre.
2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm.
3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack.

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Which one of the following pairs of semiconductor plants in India and their locations is not correctly matched?

Semiconductor Plant	Location

The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) recently introduced a national standard to test and assess bomb disposal system. Which of the following statements with regard to this system is/are correct ?

1. The new standard is known as IS 19445 : 2025.
2. It will improve interoperability of equipment across agencies.
3. It was developed by TBRL, DRDO in collaboration with the 30th Central Scientific Research Institute, Russia.

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Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India:

1. It aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities.
2. This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India's strategic autonomy.
3. One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements with regard to Black Boxes used in modern aircrafts is/are correct ?

1. They carry a beacon emitting red light pulses to facilitate underwater detection.
2. They record both the cockpit voice and flight data.
3. Their memory units are made using either stainless steel or titanium.

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Which of the following statements with regard to genetic medicine is/are correct ?

1. Genetic medicines correct/compensate for the faulty genes responsible for disease.
2. Engineered viruses and lipid nanoparticles are used as carriers of the genetic medicine.
3. Genetic medicines alter the entire DNA sequence.

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Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme :

1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities.
2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine.
3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Which of the following statements with regard to GenomeIndia Project is/are correct ?

1. It is a part of the Human Genome Project.
2. The project is funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India.
3. Its primary aim is to build a catalogue of genetic diversity of the Indian population.

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Which of the following statements with regard to India's Deep Ocean Mission is/are correct?

1. It was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Government of India.
2. Matsya-6000 has been designed to carry 3 people for deep sea exploration.
3. Samudrayaan is a project under this mission.

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Which of the following statements about DHRUV64 is/are correct ?

1. It is the third chip fabricated under the DIR-V Programme with an overall aim to enable the creation of microprocessors for India.
2. It is India's first homegrown 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor.

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Which of the following statements regarding the features of blockchain technology are correct?

1. Records stored in the database may be made visible to relevant stakeholders without risk of alteration.
2. Copies of the entire database are stored on multiple computers on a network, syncing within seconds.
3. Consortium blockchain is a blend of public and private blockchains allowing selective data access.
4. Mathematical algorithms make it impossible to change or delete any data once recorded and accepted.

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Consider the following types of vehicles:

I. Full battery electric vehicles
II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
III. Fuel cell electric hybrid vehicles

How many of the above are considered as alternative (powertrain) vehicles?

Consider the following statements:

I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.
II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

Consider the following pairs:

Plant – Description
I. Cassava : Woody shrub
II. Ginger : Herb with pseudostem
III. Malabar spinach : Herbaceous climber
IV. Mint : Annual shrub
V. Papaya : Woody shrub

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements:

I. No virus can survive in ocean waters.
II. No virus can infect bacteria.
III. No virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:

I. All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.
II. All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.
III. All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN?

I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity.
II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management.
III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation.

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In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements:

I. Cobalt
II. Graphite
III. Lithium
IV. Nickel

How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements:

I. They are man-made proteins.
II. They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens.
III. They are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025:

I. Co-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.
II. Along with other countries, US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

Statement I:
Some rare earth elements are used in the manufacture of flat television screens and computer monitors.

Statement II:
Some rare earth elements have phosphorescent properties.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

With reference to India's defence, consider the following pairs:

Aircraft type – Description
I. Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft
II. IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft
III. C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following space missions:

I. Axiom-4
II. SpaDeX
III. Gaganyaan

How many of the space missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity research?

21. The organisms "Cicada, Froghopper and Pondskater" are :

37. Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen ?

36. In which of the following are hydrogels used ?

1. Controlled drug delivery in patients
2. Mobile air-conditioning systems
3. Preparation of industrial lubricants

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

31. With reference to radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), consider the following statements :

1. RTGs are miniature fission reactors.
2. RTGs are used for powering the onboard systems of spacecrafts.
3. RTGs can use Plutonium-238, which is a by-product of weapons development.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

19. Consider the following plants :

1. Groundnut
2. Horse-gram
3. Soybean

How many of the above belong to the pea family ?

35. Consider the following aircraft:

1. Rafael
2. MiG-29
3. Tejas MK-1
How many above considered fifth generation fighter aircraft?

33. Which one of the following is synthesised in human body that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow ?

32. Consider the following statements :

Statement-I : Giant stars live much longer than dwarf stars.

Statement-II : Compared to dwarf stars, giant stars have a greater rate of nuclear reactions.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

48. Which one of the following words/phrases is most appropriately used to denote "an interoperable network of 3D virtual worlds that can be accessed simultaneously by millions of users, who can exert property rights over virtual items" ?

34. Consider the following activities :

1. Identification of narcotics on passengers at airports or in aircraft
2.Monitoring of precipitation
3.Tracking the migration of animals

In how many of the above activities can the radars be used ?

79. Aerial metagenomics best refers to which one of the following situations?

87. Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System?

83. Consider the following statements: 
1. Carbon fibers are used in the manufacture of components used in automobiles and aircraft2. Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

77. Wolbachia method' is sometimes talked about with reference to which one of the following?

85. With reference to the role of biofilters in Recirculating Aquaculture System, consider the following statements:

1. Biofilters provide waste treatment by removing uneaten fish feed.

2. Biofilters convert ammonia present in fish waste to nitrate.

3. Biofilters increase phosphorus as a nutrient for fish in water.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

26. Consider the following statements:

1. Some mushrooms have medicinal properties.

2. Some mushrooms have psycho- active properties.

3. Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties.

4. Some mushrooms have biolumi- nescent properties.
How many of the above statements are correct?

28: Consider the following statements:

80. ‘Microsatellite DNA' is used in the case of which one of the following?

21. Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production.
Statement-II: Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

84. Consider the following actions:

1. Detection of car crashes/collisions which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. hal Exam

2. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive

3. Detection of the tilt of the smartphone which results in the rotation of the display between portrait and landscape mode.
In how many of the above actions is the function of the accelerometer required?

86. Consider the following pairs:
Objects in Space
Description

1. Cepheids
Giant clouds of dust and gas in space and son

2. Nebulae
Stars that brighten and dim periodically

3. Pulsars
Neutron stars that are formed when massive stars, run out of fuel and collapse
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

88. Consider the following statements:
1. Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight.2. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

90. With reference to green hydrogen, consider the following statements:

1. It can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion.

2. It can be blended with natural gas and used as fuel for heat or power generation.

3. It can be used in the hydrogen fuel cell to run vehicles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

48. Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants?
1. Alfalfa2. Amaranth3. Chickpea
4. Clover
5. Purslane (Kulfa)
6. Spinach
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

40. If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?
1. GPS and navigation systems could fail.
2. Tsunamis could occur in equatorial regions.
3. Power grids could be damaged.
4. Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth.
5. Forest fires could take place over much of the planet.
6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed.
7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

36. Consider the following communication technologies:
1. Closed-circuit Television2. Radio Frequency Identification3. Wireless Local Area Network
Which of the above are considered Short Range devices/technologies?

34. Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the "Fractional Orbital Bombardment System" often talked about in media?

38. Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:
1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
2. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

46. With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements:
1. Its fibers can be blended with wool and cotton fibers to reinforce their properties.
2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage.
3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products.
4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

98. Consider the following statements:
1. Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature.
2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.
3. Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for humans.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

31. Consider the following :
1. Aarogya Setu2. CoWIN3. DigiLocker4. DIKSHA
Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms?

33. With reference to "Software as a Service (SaaS)", consider the following statements:
1. SaaS buyers can customize the user interface and can change data fields.
2. SaaS users can access their data through their mobile devices.
3. Outlook, Hotmail, and Yahoo! Mail are forms of SaaS.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

35. Which one of the following is the context in which the term "qubit" is mentioned?

37. Consider the following statements:
1. Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues.
2. Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces.
3. Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

69. With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements:
1. They enable the digital representation of physical assets.
2. They are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain.
3. They can be traded or exchanged at equivalency and therefore can be used as a medium of commercial transactions.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

39. In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements:
1. The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform.
2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform.
3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

97. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body?

99. Consider the following statements:DNA Barcoding can be a tool to:
1. assess the age of a plant or animal.
2. distinguish among species that look alike.
3. identify the undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

32. With reference to Web
3.0, consider the following statements:
1. Web
3.0 technology enables people to control their own data.
2. In the Web
3.0 world, there can be blockchain-based social networks.
3. Web
3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q20.  Consider the following statements: (1) Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes. (2) Common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q18. In a pressure cooker, the temperature at which the food is cooked depends mainly upon which of the following?(1) Area of the hole in the lid (2) Temperature of the flame (3) Weight of the lid
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q5. ‘Triclosan', considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?

Q6. Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?

Q15. With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccines', consider the following statements: (1) Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines (2) Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q17. Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of

Q19. Consider the following: (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Virus 
Which of the above can be cultured in an artificial/synthetic medium?

Q2. With reference to street lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps? 
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps. 
(2) As street lights, sodium lamps have a longer lifespan than LED lamps. 
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant color advantages in street lighting.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Q1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid because

Q3. The term ‘ACE2' is talked about in the context of

Q16. In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements: (1) Passing on mitochondrial diseases from parent to child can be prevented by mitochondrial replacement therapy either before or after in vitro fertilization of the egg. (2) A child inherits mitochondrial diseases entirely from the mother and not from the father.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q20. With reference to the Blockchain Technology, consider the following statements:

It is a public ledger that everyone can inspect, which no single user controls
The structure and design of blockchain is such that all the data in it are about cryptocurrency only
Applications that depend on the basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody's permission
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q18. With the present state of development Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?

Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units
Create meaningful short stories and songs
Disease diagnosis
Text to speech conversation
Wireless transmission of electrical energy
Select the correct answer using the given code below-

Q85. In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

Q5 What is the importance of using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in India?

These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis.
Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced.
These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions
Select the correct answer using the given code below-

Q6. In India, The term "Public Key Infrastructure" is used in the context of?

Q17. In the context of the recent advances in human reproductive technology, Pronuclear transfer technology is used for:

Q68. With reference to solar water pumps, consider the following statements:

1. Solar power can be used for running surface pumps and not for submersible pumps.
2. Solar power can be used for running centrifugal pumps and not the ones with piston.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Q19. With reference to the "Visible Light Communication" technology, Which of the following statements are correct?

VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780 nm
VLC is known as long range optical wireless communication
VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than bluetooth
VLC has no electromagnetic interference
Select the correct answer using the given code below-

Q4. Consider the following statements:

Genetic changes can be introduc ed in the cells that produce eggs or sperms of a prospective parent
A person's genome can be edited before birth at the early embryonic stage
Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be injected into the embryo of a pig.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q2. Consider the following activities :

Spraying pesticides on a crop field
Inspecting the craters of an active volcano
Collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis
At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out using drones?

Q1. With reference to the carbon nanotubes, consider the following statements:

They can be used as carriers of drugs and antigens in the human body.
They can be made into artificial blood capillaries for an injured part of human body.
They can be used in biochemical sensors.
Carbon nanotubes are biodegradable
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q3. The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of equilateral triangle that has sides one million km long, with lasers shining between the craft." the experiment in the question refers to?

Q7. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Plant cells have cellulose cell walls whilst animal cells do not.
Plant cells do not have plasma membrane unlike animals cells which do
Mature plant cell has one large vacuole whilst animal cell has many small vacuoles
Select the correct answer using the given code below-

Q47. Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant ‘black holes' billions of light-years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?

Q43. With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Q3
7. Consider the following statements:
1. According to the Indian Patents Act, a biological process to create a seed can be patented in India.
2. In India, there is no Intellectual Property Appellate Board.
3. Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q4
1. In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements:
1. In Augmented Reality (AR), a simulated environment is created and the physical world is completely shut out.
2. In Virtual Reality (VR), images generated from a computer are projected onto real-life objects or surroundings.
3. AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera of a smartphone or PC.
4. VR closes the world, and transposes an individual, providing a complete immersion experience.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q9
2. For the measurement/estimation of which of the following are satellite images/remote sensing data used?
1. Chlorophyll content in the vegetation of a specific location2. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies of a specific location3. Land surface temperatures of a specific location
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q4
5. In the context of wearable technology, which of the following tasks is/are accomplished by wearable devices?
1. Location identification of a person2. Sleep monitoring of a person3. Assisting the hearing impaired person
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q5. With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)?1. LTE ‘is commonly marketed as 3G and VoLTE are commonly marketed as advanced 3G.2. LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice-only technology.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q49. What is the Cas9 protein that is often mentioned in news?

Q42. The word ‘Denisovan' is sometimes mentioned in media in reference to

Q4
4. Consider the following statements:A digital signature is1. an electronic record that identifies the certifying authority issuing it2. used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or server on the Internet.
3. an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchanged
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q4
6. ‘RNA interference (RNAi)' technology has gained popularity in the last few years. Why?
1. It is used in developing gene-silencing therapies.
2. It can be used in developing therapies for the treatment of cancer.
3. It can be used to develop hormone replacement therapies.
4. It can be used to produce crop plants that are resistant to viral pathogens.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q4
8. Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?
1. Genetic predisposition of some people2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Q50. Which one of the following statements is not correct?

55. In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used ?
1. Mobile phone operations
2. Banking operations
3. Controlling the power grids
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

64. Consider the following pairs : Terms sometimes seen in news Context / Topic

Belle II experiment - Artificial Intelligence
Blockchain technology - Digital/ Cryptocurrency
CRISPR - Cas9 - Particle Physics
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

61. With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following statements :

1. IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits.
2. IRNSS covers entire India and about 5500 sq. km beyond its borders.
3. India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

17. The identity platform 'Aadhaar' provides open "Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)". What does it imply?

1. It can be integrated into any electronic device.
2. Online authentication using iris is possible.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

99. Consider the following :
1. Birds
2. Dust blowing
3. Rain
4. Wind blowing
Which of the above spread plant diseases ?

58. The terms WannaCry, Petya and EternalBlue' sometimes mentioned in the news recently are related to

62. Consider the following phenomena :

1. Light is affected by gravity.
2. The Universe is constantly expanding.
3. Matter warps its surrounding space-time.

Which of the above is/are the prediction/predictions of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, often discussed in media ?

66. When the alarm of your smartphone rings in the morning, you wake up and tap it to stop the alarm which causes your geyser to be switched on automatically. The smart mirror in your bathroom shows the day's weather and also indicates the level of water in your overhead tank. After you take some groceries from your refrigerator for making breakfast, it recognises the shortage of stock in it and places an order for the supply of fresh grocery items. When you step out of your house and lock the door, all lights, fans, geysers and AC machines get switched off automatically. On your way to office, your car warns you about traffic congestion ahead and suggests an alternative route, and if you are late for a meeting, it sends a message to your office accordingly.
In the context of emerging communication technologies, which one of the following terms best applies to the above scenario?

84. "3D printing" has applications in which of the following ?

1. Preparation of confectionery items
2. Manufacture of bionic ears
3. Automotive industry
4. Reconstructive surgeries
5. Data processing technologies
   Select the correct answer using the code given below :

43. What is "Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)", sometimes seen in the news ?

95. With reference to India's satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements :

1. PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites.
2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.
3. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

63. With reference to the Genetically Modified mustard (GM mustard) developed in India, consider the following statements :

1. GM mustard has the genes of a soil bacterium that give the plant the property of pest-resistance to a wide variety of pests.
2. GM mustard has the genes that allow the plant cross-pollination and hybridization.
3. GM mustard has been developed jointly by the IARI and Punjab Agricultural University.
   Which of the statements given above is/are corréct ?

87. What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)' project?

73. Consider the following pairs : Commonly used / consumed materials Unwanted or controversial chemicals likely to be found in them

1. Lipstick - Lead
2. Soft drinks - Brominated vegetable oils
3. Chinese fast food - Monosodiug glutamate
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

85. In India, it is legally mandatory for which of the following to report on cyber security incidents ?

1. Service providers
2. Data centres
3. Body corporate
   Select the correct answer using the code given below :

45. With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of 'genome sequencing', often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future ?
Genome sequencing can be used to identify genetic markers for disease resistance and drought tolerance in various crop plants.
This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants.
It can be used to decipher the host-pathogen relationships in crops.
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74. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are used to create digital display in many devices.
What are the advantages of OLED displays over Liquid Crystal displays ?

1. OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates.
2. Roll-up displays embedded in clothing can be made using OLEDs.
3. Transparent displays are possible using OLEDs.
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78. What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology ?

10. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Smart India Hackathon 2017?

1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme for developing every city of our country into Smart Cities in a decade.
2. It is an initiative to identify new digital technology innovations for solving the many problems faced by our country.
3. It is a programme aimed at making all the financial transactions in our country completely digital in a decade.

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44. The terms 'Event Horizon', 'Singularity', 'String Theory' and 'Standard Model' are sometimes seen in the news in the context of

31. Consider the following statements :

1. In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue.
2. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

53. 'Project Loon', sometimes seen in the news, is related to:

41. With reference to 'Astrosat', the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Other than USA and Russia, India is the only country to have launched a similar observatory into space.
2. Astrosat is a 2000 kg satellite placed in an orbit at 1650 km above the surface of the Earth.

31. With reference to ‘Bitcoins', sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Bitcoins are tracked by the Central Banks of the countries.
2. Anyone with a Bitcoin address can send and receive Bitcoins from anyone else with a Bitcoin address.
3. Online payments can be sent without either side knowing the identity of the other.

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96. Which one of the following is the best description of 'INS Astradharini', that was in the news recently?

62. With reference to ‘LiFi', recently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It uses light as the medium for high-speed data transmission.
2. It is a wireless technology and is several times faster than "WiFi".

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8. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Viruses can infect:

1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. plants

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82. In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term ‘transcriptome', sometimes seen in the news, refers to:

97. What is 'Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)', recently in the news?

1. Which of the following statements about the Mangalyaan launched by ISRO are correct?

1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission
2. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA
3. made India the. only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt

15. India is an important member of the ‘International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor'. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate advantage for India?