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Environment and Ecology01-Nov-2026
Cyclone Murasu Approaching Andhra Pradesh
Cyclone Murasu Threatening Andhra Pradesh: Key Facts & Updates Cyclone Formation: The India Meteorological Department IMD announced a…
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Subject: PolityPrelims: Indian PolityMains: GS II
Governor's assent to state Bills: what Article 200 allows
Themes: Centre–state relations · Triggers: delays in assent to state Bills
Listen · 4 min
- The Governor can give assent, withhold it, return the Bill or reserve it for the President.
- A returned Bill, if passed again, must be assented to.
- The text sets no time limit, which is why delays reach the courts.
Explain Add to Notes Generate MCQ MindMapping
Key Terms
- Article 200
- Governor's options on a Bill passed by the state legislature.
- Reserved Bill
- A Bill sent to the President for consideration.
- Pocket veto
- Sitting on a Bill without a decision.
Today's UPSC Civil Services Current Affairs
Daily news analysis written for the UPSC Civil Services syllabus — each article summarised, with key terms and a mind map so it can be revised in minutes.
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Protests and Legal Rights in India
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Book References Current Affairs Favorites
EconomyTheme: Fiscal federalismTrigger: Current affairs
Which constitutional body recommends how tax revenue is shared between the Centre and the states?
Hint: Article 280, constituted every five years.
Up nextPolity · Writs under Article 32Environment · Ramsar sitesEconomy · Repo rate
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Search notesAll SubjectsAll Sources
Fundamental Rights
PolityAcademy 28 Oct
Monsoon mechanism
GeographyCurrent Affairs 26 Oct
Fiscal deficit vs revenue deficit
EconomyEdChat 24 Oct
Note Details
EditFundamental Rights
Polity · Part III, Articles 12–35 · Date: 28 Oct
Justiciable rights against the State. Article 32 lets you move the Supreme Court directly to enforce them; Dr Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.
2:14 / 5:20
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Fundamental Rights
Polity · Smart Note
2:14 / 5:20
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Judicial
AppointmentsArticle 124Collegium systemNJAC verdict (2015)Way forward
AppointmentsArticle 124Collegium systemNJAC verdict (2015)Way forward
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Question 7/20Time Remaining08:42 Suspend Submit
UPSC Prelims · GS Paper I · Polity
With reference to the Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India, consider the following statements:
- 1. They were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
- 2. They are enforceable by the courts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- a1 only
- b2 only
- cBoth 1 and 2
- dNeither 1 nor 2
Correct62%Answered correctly0:48Time Spent
AnalysisSource
UPSC Civil Services Intended to Test
Whether you know Part IV-A and how Fundamental Duties differ from Fundamental Rights.
Correct Answer Explanation
Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation. They are not enforceable by courts, so only statement 1 is correct.
Static Vs Dynamic
Static: Polity, Part IV-A (Article 51A).
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6/10
Score Obtained (60%)
Introduction1.5/2
Body3/5
Conclusion0.5/2
Presentation1/1
Q3.
Introduction: The basic structure doctrine limits the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution under Art. 368.
It was laid down in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1975).
Body: It protects features like judicial review, secularism, federalism and separation of powers.
In Minerva Mills (1980), the Court held that limited amending power is itself a basic feature.
It stops a majority from destroying the core of the Constitution.
Conclusion: Thus the doctrine is very important.
1. Factual Inaccuracy
Kesavananda Bharati was decided in 1973.
2. Missing Dimension
Add the criticism: the doctrine is judge-made.
3. Lacks Substantiation
Back this with Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975).
4. Structure & Flow
Conclusion needs a way forward.
UPSC Civil Services Prelims PYQs with Answers & Explanations
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UPSC CS Prelims 2017Polity and Governance
Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India?
- aLiberty of thought
- bEconomic liberty
- cLiberty of expression
- dLiberty of belief
ExplanationSources & referencesWhy UPSC asked this
The Preamble secures liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. Economic liberty is not among them; economic justice appears under Justice instead.
Source: Preamble, Constitution of India
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EdchatSmart NotesSettings
PrelimsMains250 words
Explain the basic structure doctrine
- Source lookup
- Strategy preparation
- Defining answer structure
- Preparing final answer
Introduction: The basic structure doctrine holds that Parliament can amend the Constitution under Article 368 but cannot destroy its essential features.
Body: Laid down in Kesavananda Bharati (1973) and applied in Minerva Mills (1980), it protects judicial review, federalism and secularism…
Conclusion: It balances parliamentary sovereignty with constitutional supremacy.
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Followup Questions:
What did Kesavananda Bharati decide?Is judicial review a basic feature?
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Subject Accuracy (MCQ)
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Economy58%
AI Performance Insight
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MediumPYQ Readiness
Needs Improvement
Strength Area
Polity
Weak Area
Economy
AI Suggests: Revise Economy this week: your MCQ accuracy there is 24 points below Polity.