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  2. Economic and Social Development

PM-Setu Strengthens ITI Transformation

Published on: 08-Sep-2026

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PM-Setu Strengthens ITI Transformation

Article Summary

Summary of PM-Setu Initiative and National Steering Committee Meeting

Overview of PM-Setu:

  • PM-Setu (Prime Minister Skill Development and Employment Transformation for Advanced ITIs) is a government initiative aimed at transforming Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in India to be more industry-oriented and future-ready.
  • The initiative adopts a hub-and-spoke model, connecting a main ITI (hub) with several associated ITIs (spokes) for coordinated investment and modernization.

National Steering Committee Meeting:

  • The 5th National Steering Committee (NSC) meeting was held under the chairmanship of Debashree Mukherjee, Secretary, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
  • Key attendees included representatives from the Directorate General of Training (DGT), industry partners, and officials from state governments.

Investment Approvals:

  • The NSC approved a Strategic Investment Plan (SIP) totaling ₹735.70 crore, enhancing the total investment under PM-Setu to ₹2,171 crore across 9 ITI clusters.
  • Approved SIPs are designated for ITI clusters in:
    • Rajasthan: ₹241 crore for Bhiwadi ITI cluster (Main center: Government ITI Bhiwadi).
    • Telangana: ₹254.30 crore for Medchal ITI cluster (Main center: Government ITI Medchal).
    • Uttar Pradesh: ₹240.40 crore for Meerut ITI cluster (Main center: Government ITI Saket, Meerut).

Significance of SIP Approvals:

  • SIPs are expected to modernize ITI infrastructure, introduce new long-term and short-term courses, and align training programs with industry needs.
  • The initiative aims to enhance the capacity of ITIs, preparing youth for emerging technologies and evolving job markets.

Key Achievements:

  • Signing of a Shareholder Agreement (SHA) between HG Infra Engineering Ltd., the Rajasthan government, and MSDE for the Bhiwadi ITI cluster, marking Rajasthan as the first state to implement SHA under PM-Setu.
  • The collaboration aims to ensure that ITIs can provide skill development in line with industry requirements.

Future Goals:

  • The PM-Setu initiative aims to facilitate the establishment of modern, industry-oriented ITIs across India, thereby improving employment outcomes for graduates.
  • The focus will be on creating a robust partnership between government, state administrations, and the industry to ensure that ITIs can deliver relevant and high-quality training.

Conclusion:

  • The PM-Setu initiative represents a significant commitment from the Indian government to enhance vocational training and skill development, ensuring that the workforce is equipped to meet the demands of a changing economy.

Key Terms & Concepts

PM-SetuSkill development initiative
735.70 crore INRApproved project budget
2,171 crore INRTotal investment in ITIs
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)Project proposal presenter
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, TelanganaStates involved in investment
Hub-and-Spoke ModelITIs transformation strategy
Skill Development and Entrepreneurship MinistryImplementing ministry
HG Infra Engineering LimitedProject contractor for Rajasthan
Strategic Investment Plans (SIPs)Approved investment plans
Skill and Employment Department of RajasthanState government department

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Coal India Advances Energy and Technology
Economic and Social Development20-Sep-2026

Coal India Advances Energy and Technology

Coal India Limited (CIL) Strategic Initiatives and Technological Diversification

Overview

  • CIL Diversification: Transition from traditional coal mining to a technology-driven portfolio encompassing energy, minerals, advanced materials, and R&D.
  • Strategic Focus Areas:
  • Coal gasification
  • Thermal energy
  • Renewable energy
  • Energy storage
  • Development of critical minerals and indigenous technology.

Key Projects and Investments

  • Investment in Coal-to-Chemicals:
    • Total estimated investment of ₹69,346 crores across four coal-to-chemical projects.
    • Projects include:
      • Talcher Fertilizers Ltd: Urea production capacity of 1.27 MMT/year, cost ₹19,062.22 crores.
      • India Coal Gasification & Chemicals Ltd: Ammonium nitrate production capacity of 0.66 MMT/year, cost ₹25,015.89 crores.
      • Coal Gas India Ltd: Synthetic natural gas production capacity of 633.6 million NM³/year, cost ₹13,052.81 crores.
      • CIL-BPCL Chandrapur: Synthetic natural gas production capacity of 633.6 million NM³/year, cost ₹12,214.86 crores.

Technological Developments

  • Coal Gasification:
    • Converts coal to synthetic gas (syngas) for producing synthetic natural gas, ammonia, urea, etc.
    • Promotes import substitution.
  • Underground Coal Gasification (UCG): Pilot project in Kasta West Block, Eastern Coalfields, with phases aimed for completion by 2026.
  • Renewable Energy:
    • Installation of approximately 550 MW solar capacity, including floating solar projects.
    • Joint venture with Damodar Valley Corporation for a 2x800 MW ultra-supercritical thermal power project.

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

  • Ongoing Projects:
    • Telangana's TGGENC0 Choutuppal: 187.5 MW/750 MWh capacity.
    • Odisha: 80 MW/320 MWh capacity across four locations.
  • Importance: Supports integration of renewable energy, demand management, and grid stability.

Critical Minerals and Advanced Materials

  • Focus Areas:
    • Development of graphite and rare earth elements (REE) in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
    • Establishment of an integrated graphite value chain from mining to production.

Research and Development (R&D)

  • R&D Framework: Established in 1975, leading to the formation of the R&D Board in 1994 and a Supreme Committee in 2003.
  • Annual R&D Budget: ₹61.31 crores in FY 2023-24, projected to increase to ₹500 crores by FY 2029-30.
  • Key R&D Areas: Smart mining using AI and IoT, waste-to-wealth initiatives, clean coal technology, and alternative uses of coal.

Economic and Environmental Considerations

  • Risk Management: CIL adopts a proactive risk management approach covering technology, market, financial, environmental, and operational risks.
  • Sustainability Goals: Focus on carbon reduction, efficient resource utilization, and environmental impact management.

Future Directions

  • Strategic Partnerships: CIL aims to leverage technology transfer and localization through joint ventures for market access.
  • Priorities: Aiming for responsible diversification, technology roadmaps, and establishing a hub-and-spoke network for R&D collaboration.

Conclusion

  • CIL's Evolution: Transitioning from a coal-centric model to a diversified energy and minerals entity, focusing on sustainability, technology innovation, and self-reliance in energy and mineral security.
Punjab's Struggle Against Drug Addiction
Economic and Social Development19-Sep-2026

Punjab's Struggle Against Drug Addiction

Summary of Key Points Related to Addiction and Governance in Punjab

Addiction Context in Punjab

  • Over 1 million individuals registered at government de-addiction clinics in Punjab.
  • Historical context: Afeem (opium) and its cultural use have been prevalent for over 200 years; substance use has deep roots in community traditions.

Nature of Addiction

  • Opioids (e.g., opium, heroin) affect brain receptors; heroin leads to quicker addiction compared to opium due to its rapid impact on the body.
  • Addiction is often misunderstood; treatment requires more than willpower—it's a complex biological condition influenced by substance chemistry.

Urgency and Governance in Addressing Addiction

  • Governance failure: Current measures have not broken existing drug supply networks.
  • Technological measures: Recommendations for border control include:
    • Detection grids
    • Counter-drone systems
    • Improved forensic capabilities to trace drug origins

Budget and Resource Allocation

  • The funding directed towards de-addiction programs in Punjab is inadequate:
    • The entire budget for de-addiction is described as a "rounding error" relative to other priority areas (e.g., power subsidy).
    • There is a lack of specialists: Punjab has a deficit of psychiatrists and counselors.

Economic and Employment Factors

  • An emphasis on providing jobs for recovering addicts to prevent relapse.
  • Cost of medication (30 Rupees health clinic vs. 300 Rupees on the black market) demonstrates a disparity that indicates a lack of regulation and support.

Recovery Potential

  • Addiction recovery is possible; the brain can heal, albeit slowly.
  • Continuous support and medical assistance post-recovery are critical, with noted high relapse rates occurring 18 months after treatment.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • The issue of addiction is framed as a medical condition compounded by a criminal supply chain and requires focused governance.
  • Importance of prioritizing investments in mental health treatment and de-addiction services in Punjab to curb the crisis.

This summary provides an analytical view of the addiction situation in Punjab, highlighting the need for substantial reforms, resource allocation, and a shift in societal understanding of addiction as a medical rather than purely moral crisis.

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Economic and Social Development18-Sep-2026

Continuation of PM-KISAN Scheme Approved

Summary of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme

  1. Scheme Approval:

    • The Union Cabinet has approved the continuation of the PM-KISAN Scheme for the period from 2026–27 to 2030–31.
  2. Financial Outlay:

    • Total financial outlay for the extended period is ₹3.15 lakh crore.
  3. Assistance Amount:

    • Each eligible farmer receives ₹6,000 per year as financial assistance.
  4. Direct Transfers:

    • Over ₹4.47 lakh crore transferred directly to farmers' bank accounts in 23 instalments since the scheme's launch in February 2019.
  5. Beneficiaries:

    • Under the 23rd instalment, over 9.49 crore farmers benefited, with ₹18,984 crore released.
    • Approximately one-quarter of beneficiaries are women farmers, who have received more than ₹1.06 lakh crore.
  6. Objectives of the Scheme:

    • Aims to provide timely and transparent income support to eligible farmer families through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system.
    • Encourages farmers to invest in agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and machinery.
    • Helps reduce dependence on informal credit and enhances the financial stability of rural households.
  7. Government's Commitment:

    • The continuation of PM-KISAN underlines the government’s belief that the prosperity of farmers is central to national prosperity.
  8. Impact on Agricultural Investment:

    • The assistance has reportedly enabled farmers to make timely investments in agriculture, thereby increasing their productive capacity.

This structured approach by the government aims at reinforcing the socio-economic condition of the agricultural sector, showcasing the significance of structured financial support for farmers in India.